Burning in the vagina

Luise Heine has been an editor at since 2012. The qualified biologist studied in Regensburg and Brisbane (Australia) and gained experience as a journalist in television, in the Ratgeber-Verlag and in a print magazine. In addition to her work at , she also writes for children, for example for the Stuttgarter Kinderzeitung, and has her own breakfast blog, “Kuchen zum Frühstück”.

More posts by Luise Heine All content is checked by medical journalists.

A burning sensation in the vagina - which often occurs with or develops from itching in the vagina - is very uncomfortable for those affected. In most cases, inflammation of the genital area, triggered by bacteria, viruses or protozoa, is the cause of the pain. Some of the pathogens are transmitted during unprotected sexual intercourse, but some are also part of the normal vaginal flora and get out of hand in a disturbed environment. Read everything you need to know about vaginal burn and its treatment here.

Burning in the vagina: description

One of the key elements of the vaginal immune system is its pH level. In the acidic range, it is 3.8 to 4.4 (a pH value of 7.0 is neutral, that of the outer skin is 5.5) and is thus an effective weapon against pathogens. Lactic acid bacteria, which are literally fed by the body, are responsible for this. The skin cells of the vagina give off a multiple sugar (glycogen), which the lactic acid bacteria feed on and produce acidic lactate as a metabolic product. The sugar production of the cells depends on the hormone estrogen and thus on the female cycle.

In addition to the acidic environment, certain types of bacteria also ensure the production of hydrogen peroxide, which also specifically inhibits the multiplication of pathogens.

In addition, the cervix produces a fluid (cervical mucus) and the mucous membrane cells of the vagina produce a secretion that also protects the vagina from infections. Overall, this discharge (fluorine vaginalis) is whitish and odorless and occurs in all women.

A third component of the natural flora is the body sweat formed by the sweat glands of the vulva (this is the name given to the outer part of the female pubis with the large and small labia, the clitoris and the vaginal vestibule).

If the equilibrium in the vaginal environment is disturbed, however, pathogens can colonize the vagina or take over - vaginal burning, altered discharge and itching in the vagina are possible symptoms. One of the reasons why the complaints are so intense at this point is that there are many sensitive nerve endings here.

Itching of the vagina as a concomitant symptom

Often the burning sensation in the vagina is just one of many symptoms. It also occurs in combination with pain during sex or vaginal itching. One of the examples with very uncomfortable itching plus burning in the vagina is vaginal thrush (see below). However, there are also diseases that can cause vaginal burning only in rare cases, but often an itchy vagina. These include, for example, diabetes, psoriasis, liver disease, itch mites, pubic lice or cancer (carcinoma) in the vulva or vagina. However, poor hygiene, certain forms of contact allergies or "lichen clerosus", an inflammatory skin disease that occurs especially in older people, sometimes trigger itching in the vagina.

Burning in the vagina: causes and possible diseases

If the natural vaginal flora is attacked, it increases the likelihood of an infection in the vagina. Lactic acid bacteria, for example, are sensitive to many antibiotics: If one is taken, it can also affect the vagina. As a result, for example, infections with vaginal yeast infections occur more frequently. However, a vagina that is too dry also complicates the natural defense in the genital area.Psychological factors such as stress can also affect the health of the vagina. The burning sensation in the vagina can occur both as a result of irritation (for example during sex) or permanently.

Burning sensation in the vagina caused by bacteria

In most cases of vaginal infections, certain bacteria in the vagina take over (bacterial vaginosis) and cause unpleasant symptoms such as a burning sensation in the vagina. An overhang of “bad” bacteria is discovered in around five percent of women who go to a gynecologist for a preventive check-up. However, only half of those affected actually have symptoms. In pregnant women, the risk of infection is twice to four times as high.

Bacteria causing a burning sensation in the vagina can often be recognized by the fishy odor of the discharge. The color of the secretion is mostly whitish-greyish. In addition, the pH of the vagina is increased, so it is less acidic. In addition to classic vaginosis, there are also numerous bacteria that only enter the vulva through unprotected sexual intercourse.

Bacteria that are found in the normal vaginal flora

Gardenerella vaginalis: This type of bacteria is what causes bacterial vaginosis in most cases. The discharge is characterized by the strong fishy odor. Due to the alkaline excretions of the prostate in men, the smell intensifies, especially after sexual intercourse.

Streptococci: This type of bacteria occurs normally on the skin and mucous membranes. With an intact immune system, infection is usually prevented. If the natural environment of the vagina is disturbed, it can lead to infection and burning in the vagina. Improper intimate hygiene, diabetes, estrogen deficiency (girls before puberty) and foreign bodies in the vagina all have a positive effect. The discharge turns greenish-yellow in color.

Staphylococci: Especially in the outer areas of the vulva there are sometimes inflamed hair follicles or sweat glands that are infected with Staphylococcus aureus. These infections can also migrate to deeper tissue layers and trigger boils or carbuncles there. Especially in the early stages of the infection, these areas can cause itching in the vagina, later they are mainly painful and tender.

Bacteria that are transmitted during sexual intercourse

Chlamydia: Chlamydia infections are one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases and can cause a burning sensation in the vagina. Depending on age, ten percent of the population are considered infected. However, the vast majority of women affected have no symptoms. If the infection manifests itself, it is usually a purulent discharge, an itchy vagina, and painful urination. In the worst case, infection can lead to infertility.

Neisseria gonorrhoeae (gonorrhea / gonorrhea): gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted disease. This leads to inflammation in the genital area. In women, the infection proceeds without symptoms in many cases. However, there may be a burning sensation when urinating or a burning sensation in the vagina and purulent discharge. The disease has been on the rise in recent years, especially among younger adults (average age 30 years).

Mycoplasma: This is a genus of particularly small, cell-wallless bacteria that parasitically infect other cells (or bacteria). The pathogen Mycolasma hominis in particular has been linked to bacterial vaginosis. The incidence increases with the number of sexual partners, but it is not yet fully clear whether the mycoplasmas alone lead to the vaginitis or other bacteria that accompany them. Only certain antibiotics are suitable for combating, as the mycoplasma lacks the cell wall on which many of the antibacterial agents attack.

Burning in the vagina from fungus

One of the most common causes of infections and burning sensations in the vagina are fungi, which also use the supply of sugar in the vaginal flora as a source of food. The yeast fungus Candida albicans in particular feels at home in the vaginal environment. It is responsible for 80 percent of fungal infections. With a smear, the thread-like structures (hyphae) can be clearly seen under the microscope. Women are mainly affected during their fertile phase of life and during pregnancy due to the high levels of estrogen. Before menstruation or after menopause, fungal infections are rare. People with immunodeficiency (for example AIDS or diabetes) are also susceptible to fungal infections.

In addition to the burning vagina, a fungal infection is mainly noticeable as an unpleasant itching in the genital area. In addition, there may be pain when urinating. The discharge is usually white to yellowish and crumbly - its consistency is sometimes reminiscent of cottage cheese.

Burning in the vagina from viruses

Viruses can also attack the vaginal flora and cause inflammation and thus vaginal itching and burning in the vagina. Above all, this includes:

Human papillomavirus (HPV): Certain subspecies of HPV can cause genital warts in the genital area, but most women hardly notice any symptoms. However, some feel an itching or burning sensation in the vagina.

Herpes simplex virus (HSV): The herpes virus is mainly known in the form of cold sores. However, the same pathogen can also lead to genital herpes in the genital area. Most of the time, the viruses “sleep”. However, if there is an outbreak, itchy and sometimes very painful blisters often form in the vagina.

Burning in the vagina due to unicellular organisms

In addition to bacteria, fungi and viruses, there is another variant of microorganisms that can get out of hand in the genital area: protozoa with a nucleus (bacteria, for example, do not have any). The most important representative is called Trichomonas vaginalis. It belongs to the flagellates and always needs a moist environment, as it finds in the vagina. Around 180 million women worldwide become infected with the pathogen every year - making trichomonads one of the most common diseases that are sexually transmitted. In addition to the burning sensation in the vagina, the pungent smelling discharge, which can be yellowish-green and foamy, is characteristic of an infection.

Burning sensation in the vagina due to improper intimate hygiene and allergies

The vaginal flora has a natural balance. This is disturbed with excessive intimate hygiene or normal soap and perfumed products. Occasionally, a foreign body (such as a tampon) is forgotten in the vagina, making it easier for the vagina to become infected. An allergy to certain intimate cleansing products or detergents are also possible causes.

Burning in the vagina after sex

Sometimes women are allergic to latex, which can lead to a burning sensation in the vagina. That is why you do not have to do without a condom during sex, there is now a large selection of "contraceptives" without latex. Other contraceptives can also cause the vagina to burn or itch. This is particularly often the case with spermicides (substances that kill sperm), which are used together with diaphragms, for example.

Occasionally the vagina is not moist enough during sex, the tissue is irritated by the friction and leaves a burning sensation in the vagina - especially if the irritated skin later comes into contact with the acidic urine while urinating.

Burning sensation in the vagina for no apparent cause

In some women, no correct cause such as fungus or bacteria is found for the vaginal burning sensation. Nevertheless, those affected have severe, often chronic complaints that also occur during sex. Experts speak of what is known as vulvodynia. Little is known about this disease so far, so there are no established therapeutic approaches.

Burning in the vagina: when do you need to see a doctor?

Both vaginal itching and burning in the vagina are very uncomfortable for those affected. Because there are so many different triggers and pathogens, you should consult a doctor as quickly as possible - especially if the symptoms appear suddenly and persist. Because usually the causes can be treated well and so end the pain.

Burning in the vagina: what does the doctor do?

Anyone who suffers from itching or burning in the vagina should consult a gynecologist. At the beginning he will ask a few questions about the occurrence and severity of the symptoms. This also includes information on love life, for example whether unprotected intercourse has taken place or the partner has changed. This can give the doctor the first clues as to what might be behind the burning sensation in the vagina.

The next step is a gynecological examination, which also includes a smear and a pH measurement. Fungi, for example, can be seen in the smear under the microscope. The color and texture of the discharge may also provide information about a possible cause of the burning sensation in the vagina.

Another sample can be sent for a medical laboratory examination. There, cultures of the bacteria are created and thus examined, which could be responsible for the complaints. Such proof always takes a few days, but it has the advantage that the perpetrator can then be targeted.

This is how the doctor treats vaginal burning

Depending on the type of pathogen, different means are used. A fungicide is prescribed for a fungus, which is usually introduced into the vagina as a tablet, in addition to topical application in the form of an ointment on the burning vaginal area. Bacteria and protozoa are fought with appropriate antibiotics.

Treatment against viruses is much more difficult. Genital herpes, for example, can only be alleviated in the outbreak - there is no cure. Once infected, you can expect a burning sensation in your vagina as a result of an outbreak for the rest of your life.

It is usually advisable to include your sexual partner in the treatment so that there is no re-infection.

Burning in the vagina: you can do it yourself

Sexually transmitted pathogens can only be prevented from spreading through protected sexual intercourse. A condom should therefore be a must - especially for new or changing sexual partners. An intact vaginal flora is also beneficial to prevent infections. Since the milieu in the genital area is also influenced by psychological factors such as stress, you should try to take this into account, for example by using targeted relaxation techniques.

Reconstruction of the vaginal flora: There are preparations that specifically introduce lactic acid bacteria into the vagina. Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is also said to help locally to rebuild the vaginal flora. Some women use yogurt, vinegar or lemon water locally, but their effects have not been proven.

Sitz baths: Especially with inflammation in the genital area and burning sensation in the vagina, some sufferers feel relief from a Sitz bath with chamomile extract.

Proper intimate hygiene

Basically, the right intimate hygiene helps in many cases to prevent infection and thus prevent a burning sensation in the vagina. Clear water or skin-neutral, gentle washing lotions are completely sufficient to gently cleanse the outer genital area. What you should also consider:

Clean the vagina with water every day
Do not use vaginal douches, intimate sprays or intimate hygiene products
Change underwear and towels regularly
Generally do not use foreign (used) towels
Maintain acidic vaginal environment
Change wet swimwear as soon as possible after the bath
When using the toilet, always guide the toilet paper from front to back, never the other way around
Clothing that is too tight and too much synthetic material in the textile can irritate the skin of the vagina
Pay attention to the breathable variant of panty liners